Oxygen consumption of isolated muscle at rest did not change with test temperature, but oxygen consumption while muscle was performing work was significantly higher at 15☌ than at 25☌, regardless of acclimation conditions. Isolated muscle produced greater tetanus force, and faster isometric force generation and relaxation, and generated more work loop power at 25☌ than at 15☌ acute test temperature. However, acclimation temperature did not affect isolated gastrocnemius muscle biomechanics. Cold-acclimated frogs had greater sprint speed at 15☌ than warm-acclimated animals. To account for temperature variation at different time scales, we considered the interaction between acclimation for 4 weeks (to 15 or 25☌) and acute exposure to these temperatures. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ATP use increases at lower temperatures for a given power output in Xenopus laevis. However, the viscosity and stiffness of muscle increases with a decrease in temperature, which means that more ATP may be required to achieve a given work output. It is expected, therefore, that there is strong selection to maximise muscle power output for a given rate of ATP use. Further the universal nature of the ActiveX control standard ensures a consistent and highly simplified software-to-hardware interface that yields programming code that is tremendously reduced in both size and complexity.Metabolic energy (ATP) supply to muscle is essential to support activity and behaviour. In the case of DATAQ Instruments' controls, this functionality includes access to WinDaq-acquired data in real time, complete control over data acquisition hardware functions, access to a graphic waveform plotting utility, read/write access to WinDaq data files, and more. In all these situations, the program has full access to all the functionality provided by the control. High level analysis environments like MATLAB and Excel can also support ActiveX controls. Support for ActiveX is multiplying at an expentional rate.
Context-sensitive on-line help is provided for each control, DATAQ Instruments' ActiveX control library supports the following products: DI-145, DI-148U, DI-150, DI-151, DI-154RS, DI-158 Series, DI-190, DI-194RS, DI-195B, DI-4xx products, DI-5xx products, DI-7xx products (excluding model DI-770 products), and DI-5001. DATAQ Instruments' ActiveX control library consists of five components, each addressing a different application area. For example, without modification, the same controls may be used by Visual BASIC, Visual C++, Nationa Instruments LabVIEW, CEC Testpoint, Borland C++ Builder, Excel and many more. The ActiveX control standard defined by Microsoft describes modular, reusable software components that can be used universally by any environment that supports the standard.
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